Turkey has been the largest importer of Russian fossil fuels since Russia invaded Ukraine. In 2023, Turkey will be the world‘s largest buyer of Russian fossil energy, importing 42.2 billion euros (45.9 billion dollars) in coal, oil, and natural gas. This is a fivefold rise in the last decade. Erdogan has publicly backed Ukrainian sovereignty and his administration has provided significant aid to Ukraine. Erdogan stated on February 3 that “we support Ukraine’s territorial integration, along with Ukrainian Crimea.” Turkey also brokered with the UN a grain agreement in 2022 that was crucial in mitigating the global rise in food prices partly caused by the war. It allowed Ukraine to continue exporting its agricultural products through the Black Sea despite the ongoing war.
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